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POW Bracelet, Vietnam Era


duarte1223
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My mom found this in her jewelry box, and decided I would like it.

 

It's a POW bracelet from the Vietnam era. Girls back home could get these POW bracelets, I'm not sure where, and the intention was for them to wear them until they found out the fate of the POW on the bracelet.

 

My mom's bracelet is for CDR. Raymond Vohden. Vohden was captured April 3rd, 1963, my mom's birthday, on an attack on a bridge. Here are a couple of pieces from the POW Network's report:

 

Personnel In Incident: April 3 1965: Herschel S. Morgan; Raymond A. Vohden (released POWs); George C. Smith (missing). April 4, 1965: Walter F. Draeger; James A. Magnusson (missing); Carlyle S. Harris (released POW); September 16, 1965: J. Robinson Risner (released POW); May 31, 1966: Bobbie J. Alberton;

William R. Edmondson; Emmett McDonald; Armon Shingledecker; Philip J.

Stickney; (missing from the C-130E); Thomas Case; Harold J. Zook; Elroy

Harworth (remains returned from the C130E). Dayton Ragland; Ned Herrold

(missing on an F-4C)

 

Synopsis: The Thanh Hoa Railroad and Highway Bridge, spanning the Song Ma

River, is located three miles north of Thanh Hoa, the capital of Annam

Province, North Vietnam. It is a replacement for the original French-built

bridge destroyed by the Viet Minh in 1945 - they simply loaded two

locomotives with explosives and ran them together in the middle of the

bridge.

 

In 1957, the North Vietnamese rebuilt the bridge. The new bridge, completed

in 1964, was 540 feet long, 56 feet wide, and about 50 feet above the river.

The Vietnamese called it Ham Rong (the Dragon's Jaw), and Ho Chi Minh

himself attended its dedication. The bridge had two steel thru-truss spans

which rested in the center on a massive reinforced concrete pier 16 feet in

diameter, and on concrete abutments at the other ends. Hills on both sides

of the river provided solid bracing for the structure. Between 1965 and

1972, eight concrete piers were added near the approaches to give additional

resistance to bomb damage. A one-meter guage single railway track ran down

the 12 foot wide center and 22 foot wide concrete highways were cantilevered

on each side. This giant would prove to be one of the single most

challenging targets for American air power in Veitnam. 104 American pilots

were shot down over a 75 square mile area around the Dragon during the war.

(Only the accounts of those specifically known to be involved in major

strikes against the bridge are given here. Some losses were aircraft

involved in operations against other targets. Note also, that because

aircraft came in on this target from a wide geographic area, some personnel

lost outside the 75 mile range may have been inadvertently overlooked in

this study.)

 

Report on Vohden: LtCdr. Raymond A. Vohden was north of the Dragon when his A4C bomber was shot down. Ray was captured by the North Vietnamese and held in various POW camps in and near Hanoi until his release in February 1973. (It is not entirely clear that this U.S. Navy Lt.Cdr. had a direct role in the attack on the bridge, but was probably "knocked out" by the same anti-aircraft

fire.)

post-101-1168649222.jpg

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Bio of Vohden.

 

VOHDEN, RAYMOND ARTHUR

 

Name: Raymond Arthur Vohden

Rank/Branch: O4/US Air Force, pilot

Unit: VA216

Date of Birth:

Home City of Record: Springfield NJ (family in Memphis TN)

Date of Loss: 03 April 1965

Country of Loss: North Vietnam

Loss Coordinates: 195700N 1054900E (WH854059)

Status (in 1973): Released POW

Category: Returnee

Acft/Vehicle/Ground: A4C

Missions: 5

 

Personnel In Incident: April 3 1965: Herschel S. Morgan; Raymond A. Vohden

(released POWs); George C. Smith (missing). April 4, 1965: Walter F. Draeger;

James A. Magnusson (missing); Carlyle S. Harris (released POW); September 16,

1965: J. Robinson Risner (released POW); May 31, 1966: Bobbie J. Alberton;

William R. Edmondson; Emmett McDonald; Armon Shingledecker; Philip J.

Stickney; (missing from the C-130E); Thomas Case; Harold J. Zook; Elroy

Harworth (remains returned from the C130E). Dayton Ragland; Ned Herrold

(missing on an F-4C)

 

REMARKS: 730212 RELSD BY DRV

 

SOURCE: United States Government Records, interviews, public documents,

family material, NAM-POWs Inc., personal interviews with returnees. Updated

by the P.O.W. NETWORK 1997.

 

SYNOPSIS: The Thanh Hoa Railroad and Highway Bridge, spanning the Song Ma

River, is located three miles north of Thanh Hoa, the capital of Annam

Province, North Vietnam. It is a replacement for the original French-built

bridge destroyed by the Viet Minh in 1945 - they simply loaded two

locomotives with explosives and ran them together in the middle of the

bridge.

 

In 1957, the North Vietnamese rebuilt the bridge. The new bridge, completed

in 1964, was 540 feet long, 56 feet wide, and about 50 feet above the river.

The Vietnamese called it Ham Rong (the Dragon's Jaw), and Ho Chi Minh

himself attended its dedication. The bridge had two steel thru-truss spans

which rested in the center on a massive reinforced concrete pier 16 feet in

diameter, and on concrete abutments at the other ends. Hills on both sides

of the river provided solid bracing for the structure. Between 1965 and

1972, eight concrete piers were added near the approaches to give additional

resistance to bomb damage. A one-meter guage single railway track ran down

the 12 foot wide center and 22 foot wide concrete highways were cantilevered

on each side. This giant would prove to be one of the single most

challenging targets for American air power in Veitnam. 104 American pilots

were shot down over a 75 square mile area around the Dragon during the war.

(Only the accounts of those specifically known to be involved in major

strikes against the bridge are given here. Some losses were aircraft

involved in operations against other targets. Note also, that because

aircraft came in on this target from a wide geographic area, some personnel

lost outside the 75 mile range may have been inadvertently overlooked in

this study.)

 

In March 1965 the decision to interdict the North Vietnamese rail system

south of the 20th parallel led immediately to the April 3, 1965 strike

against the Thanh Hoa Bridge. Lt.Col. Robinson Risner was designated overall

mission coordinator for the attack. He assembled a force consisting of 79

aircraft - 46 F105's, 21 F100's, 2 RF101's and 10 KC135 tankers. The F100's

came from bases in South Vietnam, while the rest of the aircraft were from

squadrons TDY at various Thailand bases.

 

Sixteen of the 46 "Thuds" (F105) were loaded with pairs of Bullpup missiles,

and each of the remaining 30 carried eight 750 lb. general purpose bombs.

The aircraft that carried the missiles and half of the bombers were

scheduled to strike the bridge; the remaining 15 would provide flak

suppression. The plan called for individual flights of four F105's from

Koran and Takhli which would be air refueled over the Mekong River before

tracking across Laos to an initial point (IP) three minutes south of the

bridge. After weapon release, the plan called for all aircraft to continue

east until over the Gulf of Tonkin where rejoin would take place and a Navy

destroyer would be available to recover anyone who had to eject due to

battle damage or other causes. After rejoin, all aircraft would return to

their bases, hopefully to the tune of "The Ham Rong Bridge if falling down."

 

Shortly after noon on April 3, aircraft of Rolling Thunder Mission 9-Alpha

climbed into Southeast Asia skies on their journey to the Thanh Hoa Bridge.

The sun glinting through the haze was making the target somewhat difficult

to acquire, but Risner led the way "down the chute" and 250 pound missiles

were soon exploding on the target. Since only one Bullpup missile could be

fired at a time, each pilot had to make two firing passes.

 

On his second pass, LtCol. Risner's aircraft took a hit just as the Bullpup

hit the bridge. Fighting a serious fuel leak and a smoke-filled cockpit in

addition to anti-aircraft fire from the enemy, he nursed his crippled

aircraft to Da Nang and to safety. The Dragon would not be so kind on

another day.

 

The first two flights had already left the target when Capt. Bill Meyerholt,

number three man in the third flight, rolled his Thunderchief into a dive

and sqeezed off a Bullpup. The missile streaked toward the bridge, and as

smoke cleared from the previous attacks, Capt. Meyerholt was shocked to see

no visible damage to the bridge. The Bullpups were merely charring the heavy

steel and concrete structure. The remaining missile attacks confirmed that

firing Bullpups at the Dragon was about as effective as shooting BB pellets

at a Sherman tank.

 

The bombers, undaunted, came in for their attack, only to see their payload

drift to the far bank because of a very strong southwest wind. 1Lt. George

C. Smith's F100D was shot down near the target point as he suppressed flak.

The anti-aircraft resistance was much stronger than anticipated. No radio

contact could be made with Smith, nor could other aircraft locate him. 1Lt.

Smith was listed Missing In Action, and no further word has been heard of

him.

 

The last flight of the day, led by Capt. Carlyle S. "Smitty" Harris,

adjusted their aiming points and scored several good hits on the roadway and

super structure. Smitty tried to assess bomb damage, but could not because

of the smoke coming from the Dragon's Jaw. The smoke would prove to be an

ominous warning of things to come.

 

LtCdr. Raymond A. Vohden was north of the Dragon when his A4C bomber was

shot down. Ray was captured by the North Vietnamese and held in various POW

camps in and near Hanoi until his release in February 1973. (It is not

entirely clear that this U.S. Navy Lt.Cdr. had a direct role in the attack

on the bridge, but was probably "knocked out" by the same anti-aircraft

fire.)

 

Capt. Herschel S. Morgan's RF101 was hit and went down some 75 miles

southwest of the target area, seriously injuring the pilot. Capt. Morgan was

captured and held in and around Hanoi until his release in February 1973.

 

When the smoke cleared, observer aircraft found that the bridge still

spanned the river. Thirty-two Bullpups and ten dozen 750 pound bombs had

been aimed at the bridge and numerous hits had charred every part of the

structure, yet it showed no sign of going down. A restrike was ordered for

the next day.

 

The following day, flights with call signs "Steel", "Iron", "Copper",

"Moon", "Carbon", "Zinc", "Argon", "Graphite", "Esso", "Mobil", "Shell",

"Petrol", and the "Cadillac" BDA (bomb damage assessment) flight, assembled

at IP to try once again to knock out the Dragon. On this day, Capt. Carlyle

"Smitty" Harris was flying as call sign "Steel 3". Steel 3 took the lead and

oriented himself for his run on a 300 degree heading. He reported that his

bombs had impacted on the target on the eastern end of the bridge. Steel 3

was on fire as soon as he left the target. Radio contact was garbled, and

Steel Lead, Steel 2 and Steel 4 watched helplessly as Smitty's aircraft,

emitting flame for 20 feet behind, headed due west of the target. All flight

members had him in sight until the fire died out, but observed no parachute,

nor did they see the aircraft impact the ground. Smitty's aircraft had been

hit by a MiG whose pilot later recounted the incident in "Vietnam Courier"

on April 15, 1965. It was not until much later that it would be learned that

Smitty had been captured by the North Vietnamese. Smitty was held prisoner

for 8 years and released in 1973. Fellow POWs credit Smitty with introducing

the "tap code" which enabled them to communicate with each other.

 

MiG's had been seen on previous missions, but for the first time in the war,

the Russian-made MiGs attacked American aircraft. Zinc 2, an F105D flown by

Capt. James A. Magnusson, had its flight bounced by MiG 17's. As Zinc Lead

was breaking to shake a MiG on his tail, Zinc 2 was hit and radioed that he

was heading for the Gulf if he could maintain control of his aircraft. The

other aircraft were busy evading the MiGs, and Magnusson radioed several

times before Steel Lead responded and instructed him to tune his radio to

rescue frequency. Magnusson's aircraft finally ditched over the Gulf of

Tonkin near the island of Hon Me, and he was not seen or heard from again.

He was listed Missing In Action.

 

Capt. Walter F. Draeger's A1H (probably an escort for rescue teams) was shot

down over the Gulf of Tonkin just northeast of the Dragon that day.

Draeger's aircraft was seen to crash in flames, but no parachute was

observed. Draeger was listed Missing In Action.

 

The remaining aircraft returned to their bases, discouraged. Although over

300 bombs scored hits on this second strike, the bridge still stood.

 

From April to September 1965, 19 more pilots were shot down in the general

vicinity of the Dragon, including many who were captured and released,

including Howie Rutledge, Gerald Coffee, Paul Galanti, Jeremiah Denton, Bill

Tschudy and James Stockdale. Then on September 16, 1965, Col. Robbie

Risner's F105D was shot down a few miles north of the bridge he had tried to

destroy the previous April. As he landed, Risner tore his knee painfully, a

condition which contributed to his ultimate capture by the North Vietnamese.

Risner was held in and around Hanoi until his release in 1973, but while a

POW, he was held in solitary confinement for 4 1/2 years. Besides the normal

malaise and illnesses common to POWs, Risner also suffered from kidney

stones, which severely debilitated him in the spring and summer of 1967.

 

By September 1965, an innovative concept had taken shape - mass-focusing the

energy of certain high explosive weapons. The Air Force quickly saw its

application against the old Dragon and devised a plan to destroy the bridge

using the new weapon. They would call the operation "Carolina Moon".

 

The plan necessitated two C130 aircraft dropping the weapon, a rather large

pancake-shaped affair 8 feet in diameter and 2 1/2 feet thick and weighing

5,000 pounds. The C130's would fly below 500 feet to evade radar along a 43

mile route (which meant the C130 would be vulnerable to enemy attack for

about 17 minutes), and drop the bombs, which would float down the Song Ma

River where it would pass under the Dragon's Jaw, and detonate when sensors

in the bomb detected the metal of the bridge structure.

 

Because the slow-moving C130's would need protection, F4 Phantoms would fly

diversionary attack to the south, using flares and bombs on the highway just

before the C130 was to drop its ordnance. The F4s were to enter their target

area at 300', attack at 50' and pull off the target back to 300' for

subsequent attacks. Additionally, an EB66 was tasked to jam the radar in the

area during the attack period. Since Risner had been shot down in September,

15 more pilots had been downed in the bridge region. Everyone knew it was

hot.

 

The first C130 was to be flown by Maj. Richard T. Remers and the second by

Maj. Thomas F. Case, both of whom had been through extensive training for

this mission at Elgin AFB, Florida and had been deployed to Vietnam only 2

weeks before. Ten mass-focus weapons were provided, allowing for a second

mission should the first fail to accomplish the desired results.

 

Last minute changes to coincide with up-to-date intelligence included one

that would be very significant in the next days. Maj. Remers felt that the

aircraft was tough enough to survive moderate anti-aircraft artillery hits

and gain enough altitude should bail-out be necessary. Maj. Case agreed that

the aircraft could take the hits, but the low-level flight would preclude a

controlled bail-out situation. With these conflicting philosophies, and the

fact that either parachutes or flak vests could be worn - but not both -

Maj. Remers decided that his crew would wear parachutes and stack their flak

vests on the floor of the aircraft. Maj. Case decided that his crew would

wear only flak vests and store the parachutes.

 

On the night of May 30, Maj. Remers and his crew, including navigators Capt.

Norman G. Clanton and 1Lt. William "Rocky" Edmondson, departed Da Nang at 25

minutes past midnight and headed north under radio silence. Although the

"Herky-bird" encountered no resistance at the beginning of its approach,

heavy, (although luckily, inaccurate) ground fire was encountered after it

was too late to turn back. The 5 weapons were dropped successfully in the

river and Maj. Remers made for the safety of the Gulf of Tonkin. The

operation had gone flawlessly, and the C130 was safe. Although the

diversionary attack had drawn fire, both F-4's returned to Thailand

unscathed.

 

Unfortunately, the excitement of the crew was shortlived, because recon

photos taken at dawn showed that there was no noticeable damage to the

bridge, nor was any trace of the bombs found. A second mission was planned

for the night of May 31. The plan for Maj. Case's crew was basically the

same with the exception of a minor time change and slight modification to

the flight route. A crew change was made when Maj. Case asked 1Lt.

Edmondson, the navigator from the previous night's mission, to go along on

this one because of his experience from the night before. The rest of the

crew included Capt. Emmett R. McDonald, 1Lt. Armon D. Shingledecker, 1Lt.

Harold J. Zook, SSgt. Bobby J. Alberton, AM1 Elroy E. Harworth and AM1

Philip J. Stickney. The C130 departed DaNang at 1:10 a.m.

 

The crew aboard one of the F4's to fly diversionary included Col. Dayton

Ragland. Ragland was no stranger to conflict when he went to Vietnam. He had

been shot down over Korea in November 1951 and had served two years as a

prisoner of war. Having flown 97 combat missions on his tour in Vietnam,

Ragland was packed and ready to go home. He would fly as "backseater" to

1Lt. Ned R. Herrold on the mission to give the younger man more combat

flight time while he operated the sophisticated technical navigational and

bombing equipment. The F4's left Thailand and headed for the area south of

the Dragon.

 

At about two minutes prior to the scheduled C130 drop time, the F4's were

making their diversionary attack when crew members saw anti-aircraft fire

and a large ground flash in the bridge vicinity. Maj. Case and his crew were

never seen or heard from again. During the F4 attack, Herrold and Ragland's

aircraft was hit. On its final pass, the aircraft did not pull up, but went

out to sea, and reported that the aircraft had taken heavy weapons fire. A

ball of fire was seen as the plane went into the sea.

 

Reconnaissance crews and search and rescue scoured the target area and the

Gulf of Tonkin the next morning, finding no sign at all of the C130 or its

crew. Rescue planes spotted a dinghy in the area in which Herrold and

Ragland's aircraft had gone down, but saw no signs of life. The dinghy was

sunk to prevent it falling into enemy hands. The bridge still stood.

 

In March 1967, the U.S. Navy attacked the Thanh Hoa Bridge using the new

"Walleye" missiles, but failed to knock out the bridge. Before the war

ended, 54 more Americans fell in the Dragon's Jaw area.

 

In late 1986 the remains of Harworth, Zook and Case were returned and buried

with the honor befitting an American fighting man who has died for his

country. Ragland, Herrold, Alberton, McDonald, Edmondson, Shingledecker,

Stickney, Smith, Draeger and Magnussen are still Missing in Action.

 

SOURCE: WE CAME HOME copyright 1977

Captain and Mrs. Frederic A Wyatt (USNR Ret), Barbara Powers Wyatt, Editor

P.O.W. Publications, 10250 Moorpark St., Toluca Lake, CA 91602

Text is reproduced as found in the original publication (including date and

spelling errors).

UPDATED by the P.O.W. NETWORK, Skidmore, MO

 

RAYMOND A. VOHDEN

Commander - United States Navy

Shot Down: April 3, 1965

Released: February 12, 1973

 

Seven and one-half years is a long time. Seven and one-half years in a prison

camp is a lifetime. However, Cdr. Raymond Vohden, imprisoned in North Vietnam

for more than seven and one-half years, emerged with the same spirit and verve

which had characterized him before he became a POW. His plane was shot down

over North Vietnam on April 3, 1965.

 

Cdr. Vohden is philosophical about the future: "After the ordeal I've been

through for the past seven and one-half years, I can handle any situation that

comes up when I get back."

 

December 1996

Raymond Vohden retired from the United States Navy as a Captain. He and his

wife Adriana reside in Virginia.

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I have a braclet of the same style and design only made of solid copper. There was an organization back in the early 70's I believe that marketed them for $$$ to bring support and attention to the plight of the MIA's/POW's. The firm was known as "VIVA" and if memory serves me correctly, they incorporated a Purple Heart somehow in their logo. They put out bumper stickers that stated "MIA's/POW's - only Hanoi knows for sure" I have a bracelet and literature in one of my trunks I can dig out if someone wants more info on the group.

 

BTW - My bracelet was for a Maj. William Duggan and I never heard a word if he was ever found

 

Greg

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I also have a copper one that I got in 1972 For Lt Col Kelly Cook. AF pilot who is still MIA. I wore it for eight continuous years. I wore it for so long that the center had developed metal fatigue and had to solder a strengthener on the back side so it wouldn't break. I still wear it on occasion I'll post it in the next day or so.

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pathfinder505

Back in the 70's, a group would set up at the Student Center of our university and give these bracelets to anyone who would wear them. I remember that had signs for MIA's. A lot of the girls would get them and wear them.

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these are actually still being produced for MIAs of all wars, as well as KIA 'remembrance' versions. They are usually color coded (Black, for example, is generally used for KIA bracelets). I've also seen the typical silver as well as red.

 

Just an interesting fct in case anyone's interested. I myself have a KIA bracelet for a buddy of mine who was killed during our first tour. It's important to make sure these guys, missing or dead, are never forgotten

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Here is my worn dog-earred bracelet.

 

post-87-1168902563.jpg

 

Here is the repair done to keep it from breaking.

 

post-87-1168902574.jpg

 

Notes from The Virtual Wall

On the evening of 10 Nov 1967 two F-4C Phantoms of the 389th Tactical Fighter Squadron departed Danang Air Base for an MSQ-77 ground-radar-controlled bombing mission in North Vietnam. These missions were flown at relatively high altitude with delivery from level flight; the delivery aircraft was tracked by a high-definition ground radar (the MSQ-77 or TPQ-10), with the radar site computing the necessary release point and providing directional control. Shortly before weapons release the MSQ-77 generated a radio tone; the crew released their weapons when the tone stopped. The two aircraft, BAFFLE 01 and BAFFLE 02, were crewed by

BAFFLE 01, F-4C tail number 64-0669

Major James S. Morgan, 389th TFS, flight lead

1LT Charles J. Huneycutt, 389th TFS

 

 

BAFFLE 02, F-4C tail number 64-0834

Lt Col Kelly F. Cook, 366th TFW

MAJ James A. Crew, 389th TFS

 

 

BAFFLE flight proceeded northwards over water under HILLSBORO control until they were turned over to the MSQ-77 controller. While enroute, weather conditions forced a change in targeting. The flight was level at 26,000 feet tracking inbound toward their release point and BAFFLE 01 responded appropriately to all ground controller calls with the last radio contact 10 seconds before weapons release. However, radio and radar contact both were lost at or immediately after the computed release time and neither the MSQ-77 site nor HILLSBORO were able to reestablish contact.

Search and rescue efforts located the wreckage of both aircraft in the adjacent villages of Gia Ninh (BAFFLE 01) and Hong Thui (BAFFLE 02), about 15 miles southeast of Dong Hoi, but there were no signs of the two aircrews. All four men were classed as Missing in Action.

 

Hanoi subsequently claimed that two F-4s were shot down by an all-female militia crew, and in 1993 US JTF-FA personnel were shown two 12.7mm heavy machine gun bullet casings purportedly from ammunition fired at the two aircraft. However, 12.7mm (.51 caliber) AAA fire could not have struck the aircraft at an altitude of 26,000 feet.

 

Although Hanoi at the time reported the capture of "both bandits" (note that 4 crewmen were involved) no names were given and the four never showed up on POW lists. The POWs repatriated in 1973 had no knowledge of the four men.

 

Over the years the Secretary of the Air Force approved Presumptive Findings of Death for Morgan (09/11/78), Huneycutt (01/03/79), Cook (08/09/76), and Crew (12/04/78).

 

On 26 Sep 1989 the US Government announced the positive identification of Charles Huneycutt's remains from among those repatriated on 03 Nov 1988. The remains of the other three men have not been recovered.

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Here is some more info on the bracelets....

 

I don't know why I thought the logo had a Purple Heart in it....obviously I was mistaken. Here is the envelope, stickers, info, and my bracelet. I never heard one word about the Major. The organization was known as: VIVA - "Voices in Vital America". It was quite popular at the time,,,like those bright colored rubbery bracelets the kids wear now.

 

Greg

 

post-118-1169243982.jpg

 

post-118-1169244027.jpg

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Greg, if I might ask, why does the brochure say to put a star on the bracelet?

 

Brig,

 

If you look at the "Welcome Home" bumper stickers right end, you'll see the two choices. One star represents "POW", the other "MIA". I didn't use either because I knew it would soon wear off with use. The bracelet was the "symbol". not the star sticker. I knew he was MIA.

 

As a side note, I had to coat the inside of the bracelet with clear fingernail polish because without it my wrist turned green.

 

Greg

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  • 2 weeks later...

Ive seen a grouping on ebay last month or so. It belonged to a USAF pilot if I remember correctly.

In the grouping were 12 of these braclets, the description mentioned that the bracelets where returned to the pilot when he came back to the States. Was this a normal procedure, to return them if the man came back?

 

Sebas

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Sebas,

 

I've heard of that being done. I'm not aware of anything official in doing that. It certainly was a nice gesture to the POW/MIA that others were thinking of him.

 

Greg

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